Office of Admissions
LUMS DHA, Lahore Cantt. 54792, Lahore, Pakistan
Tel: +92 42 3560 8000 Ext.: 2177
Executive MPhil Education Leadership and Management
Executive MPhil Education Leadership and Management
The Executive MPhil Education Leadership and Management equips professionals with the knowledge, theoretical acumen and leadership skills needed to address challenges of Pakistan’s complex education system. The weekend-based programme is designed for study alongside your full-time job without requiring you to take a career break. The degree will prepare you to create transformative learning at every level and in every role — from teachers to district leaders, policymakers to entrepreneurs, learning designers to nonprofit leaders.
Programme Overview
At the LUMS School of Education, we are committed to empower students to become leaders of education reform. The Executive MPhil Education Leadership and Management (Executive MPhil ELM) programme will enable students to explore the issues in education and learning faced by educators and discover sustainable solutions. The MPhil programme combines rigorous academics with in-depth practical training enabling students to think critically and innovatively to create immediate impact.
If you are interested in helping others achieve their learning goals and believe sustainable education reforms is the way to address education inequality, the Executive MPhil ELM is the programme for you. Whether you are seeking to further your career, develop new skills, or enrich and deepen your knowledge to make a greater impact, the Executive MPhil ELM will offer exceptional academic preparation, personal and professional development, and opportunities for real-world engagement — all within a manageable two-year weekend-based programme.
This 36-credit hour degree allows working professionals the flexibility to complete their master’s programme while working full-time. All classes have been scheduled to suit the logistical needs of working professionals.
Our in-person classes will be scheduled on alternative weekends along with a brief online class held in an evening mid-week. The practicum during the second year of the programme will be scheduled taking the time constraints of working professionals into consideration.
Course Plan
|
Semester/Course |
Credits |
|
First Semester, Fall |
|
|
EDUX 510 Interdisciplinary Theoretical Perspectives on Education |
3 |
|
EDUX 540 Leadership: The Politics of ChangeField/Lab/Workshop |
3 |
|
EDUX 560 Research Methods |
3 |
|
EDUX 590 Observing Schools |
1 |
|
EDUX 693 Academic Writing |
1 |
|
Second Semester, Spring |
|
|
EDUX 541 School Effectiveness and Development |
3 |
|
EDUX 561 Applied Data Analysis |
3 |
|
EDUX 562 Data Lab |
1 |
|
Elective 1* |
3 |
|
Third Semester, Fall |
|
|
EDUX 690 Practicum Proseminar |
3 |
|
Elective 2* |
3 |
|
Elective 3* |
3 |
|
Fourth Semester, Spring |
|
|
EDUX 691 Practicum |
6 |
|
Total |
36 |
Electives
The elective courses for Executive MPhil programme are still under development and will be available once they are finalised. Students will be informed in a timely manner so as to ensure there are no enrolment delays in the electives.
Course Breakdown
|
Course Type |
Credits | Number of Courses |
|
Core |
15 |
5 (3 credits each) |
|
Elective |
9 | 3 (3 credits each) |
|
Field/Lab/Workshop |
3 | 3 (1 credit each) |
|
Practicum Proseminar |
3 | 1 |
|
Practicum |
6 | 1 |
|
Total |
36 | 13 |
Qualification
Admission Criteria
Fall Admission 2023
Applicants must meet the minimum eligibility criteria in order to be considered for admission to the Executive MPhil Education and Leadership Programme.
Admission is purely merit-based and rests solely on the following criteria:
- Academic Background;
- Performance in the Admission Test;
- Work Experience (2 years minimum required);
- Curriculum Vitae (CV);
- Letters of Recommendation (2 letters required, 3rd optional);
- Interview Performance (if called); and
- Submission of complete Online Application, Application Processing Fee and supporting documents by the stipulated deadline
NOTE:
This is the minimum criteria that applicants need to fulfil in order to be eligible to apply. Fulfilment of this criteria does not guarantee admission to LUMS.
Academic Record
A minimum of 16 years of education leading to a degree programme is required for applying to the Executive MPhil Education Leadership and Management Programme.
There is no specific major requirement. The nature of the degree is such that it lies beyond specific disciplines, therefore, all academic backgrounds are welcome to apply. The aim is to allow students of any other major to learn about the foundations, policies, and methods of the field of Education to be able to contribute to Pakistan's overall education discourse in different ways.
* Candidates holding only a Bachelor's degree of less than four years’ duration will be required to produce an equivalence certificate of 16 years of education issued by the Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan. Similarly, applicants who have obtained their degrees from institutions that are not listed with the HEC, Pakistan, will be required to obtain an Equivalence Certificate from the HEC. For further information, please visit: www.hec.gov.pk
Applicants are expected to have obtained their Bachelor’s (or Master’s) degree from the National or Foreign institutions that are accredited or recognized by the Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan.
Applicants must provide complete and correct information regarding their academics, work experience and test attempts. The application will be evaluated on the basis of information provided at the time of application submission.
Decisions on admission are made after careful evaluation of all applications. Evaluation for interview call is carried out based on a combination of factors such as academic track record, performance in GRE (General)/GMAT/NTS-GAT, and work experience.
Note:
Applicants completing their last degree by June 30, 2023, are also eligible to apply, provided they currently have a minimum of 2 years of work experience.
LUMS graduating class of 2023 are eligible to apply on the basis of their 7th-semester result, provided they currently have a minimum of 2 years of work experience.
Test Requirement
Applicants are required to take One (1) of the following tests in order to be considered for Fall 2023 admissions:
The deadline to take the GRE (General)/GMAT/NTS-GAT (General) is March 30, 2023.
The GMAT/GRE (General)/NTS-GAT is offered as a Computer adaptive test worldwide. Apart from official test scores that LUMS will require directly from Pearson or Educational Testing Service (ETS, USA), applicants must submit or mail a copy of unofficial GRE (General) scores as soon as possible after taking the test. The LUMS code for receiving GRE (General)/GMAT scores from Pearson and ETS is 0679. For further details on GRE (General) or GMAT or NTS-GAT, please logon to www.ets.org or www.mba.org or www.nts.org.pk respectively.
Note:
As the Testing services for the GMAT/GRE/NTS-GAT are operational during this Admission cycle (for Fall 2023 admissions) so applicants are required to take the test according to the stipulated deadline.
- GMAT/GRE taken more than five years before the admission deadline will not be considered valid. There is no GRE cut-off score as applicants will be assessed based on their application.
- NTS-GAT taken more than two years before the admission deadline will not be considered valid. A cumulative score of 50 is a minimum requirement for applying.
If the applicant has taken more than one test, the best score will be considered for application evaluation.
The availability of valid GRE (General)/GMAT/NTS-GAT scores will be mandatory for the submission of online admissions application.
Submission
The admission application will be considered for evaluation after the successful completion of following Four (4) STEPS by the applicants on or before the stipulated deadlines:
Online Admission Application submission;
Online submission of scanned copies of required supporting documents;
Submission of an appropriate Application Processing Fee; and
Online submission of the Letters of Recommendation by the Referees.
Application Processing Fee
- The application processing fee of Rs. 2,900
- The application processing fee of USD 120 for International applicants
Note:
Applicants must complete and submit their Online Admission application on or before March 20, 2023; 5:00 pm (PKT).
Applicants are required to Online submit the scanned copies of all supporting documents on or before March 21, 2023.
After the successful submission of the Online application, applicants must make the Processing Fee payment by the deadline.
Referees must submit completely filled Letters of Recommendation by the given deadline.
Completion of all steps are mandatory. Applications, Documents or Fee received after the stipulated deadline will not be processed.
Application Review/Interview Performance
Shortlisted applications will be reviewed by the relevant committee to finalise the admission decision. Applicants are encouraged to provide complete information regarding their academic achievement, research reports, attended workshops, extracurricular activities, and must tell LUMS about their success stories in order to substantiate their applications.
Performance in Interview
A Merit ranking of candidate shortlisted for interviews will be generated based on the Academic Performance, Work experience, and GMAT/GRE (General)/NTS-GAT scores. Only short-listed candidates will be called for the interviews. Evaluation for interview call is carried out based on a combination of factors such as academic track record, performance in GMAT/GRE (General)/GAT, and work experience.
Work Experience
A minimum of 2 years of work experience is required, and a higher number of years of work experience will be highly preferred. We welcome a range of experience in applicants, from education managers, coordinators/administrators, and education entrepreneurs in leadership roles to experienced school and/or college teachers seeking to transition to leadership positions. Our greater interest is to bring together a group of individuals with a keenness to contribute to education reform in Pakistan. In line with existing SOE practice, each candidate will be closely assessed, taking their relevant work experience into consideration. While the diversity of work experiences ranging from classroom teaching to education entrepreneurship will be considered, the evaluation will be based on the quality of each individual’s work experience.
Justification of Age
The applicants are required to have a minimum of Two (2) years of work experience, and a higher number of years of work experience will be highly preferred. This means that the age bracket falls into the category of 24 years and above. However, based on the nature of the education sector in Pakistan, we can reasonably expect some applicants to have an overlap in education attainment and work experience, therefore, we are open to consider candidates from a younger age cohort than what would be expected from individuals with 2 years of full-time work experience.
Fee Structure for FY 2023-24
Particulars | Fall 2023 | Spring 2024 | Total |
PKR | PKR | PKR | |
| Admission Fee | 122,350 | - | 122,350 |
| Tuition Fee | 334,900 | 334,900 | 669,800 |
| Registration Fee | 38,990 | 38,990 | 77,980 |
| General Security | 51,000 | - | 51,000 |
| Total | 547,240 | 373,890 | 921,130 |
Important Points
- The above breakdown of fee structure is for Year 1 of the 2 Year Executive MPhil Education Leadership and Management programme.
- Fees are payable by semester according to the schedule given in the Annual Fee bill.
- University fees are usually announced once each year. However, the University reserves the right to change its policies and fee structure at any time
Refund Policy
To learn more about the University's Refund Policy, please click here.
| Activity | Date |
|---|---|
| Online Application Deadline | March 20, 2023, 5:00 pm (PKT) |
| Deadline to submit online supporting documents and Processing Fee | March 21, 2023 |
| Deadline to take GMAT/GRE (General)/NTS GAT | March 30, 2023 |
| Completion of the Admission Process | July 30, 2023 |
| Commencement of Classes | September 2023 |
Note:
- The University reserves the right to change dates and deadlines for admissions. Please keep informed of any changes by visiting this site periodically, as well as the LUMS online application site.
What programmes are offered at LUMS SOE?
We will be offering two programmes, namely; the Executive MPhil Education Leadership and Management and the MPhil Education Leadership and Management in Fall 2023.
Is it a weekend-based programme?
Yes, the Executive MPhil ELM is a weekend-based, 2 year long programme.
How long does it take to complete the Executive MPhil Education Leadership and Management programme?
The Executive MPhil Education Leadership and Management is a 2-year-long programme.
What is the structure of the programme?
The Executive MPhil ELM is a weekend-based, 2 year long programme. Classes are scheduled in blocks of alternative weeks throughout the duration of a semester. Each block comprises a full-day of in-person classes on Saturday, a relatively shorter stretch of classes on Sunday and a short online class mid-week on Wednesday in the evening. There may be some more asynchronous learning or other brief online sessions scheduled during the week to maintain student contact.
How often will I have to travel to campus?
In order to reduce the need for students to travel to campus during the week, the programme has been carefully structured around alternative weekends with a brief mid-week online component to maintain student contact. The mid-week online class reduces the need to travel to campus for students who reside outside Lahore, limiting this travel time for in-person classes on alternative weekends only.
How many credits are required for the degree?
The Executive MPhil Education Leadership and Management degree is a 36 credit hour programme completed over 4 semesters.
What is the workload per week?
The programme has been carefully designed to cater to the needs of working professionals, therefore, the workload is structured such that it can be managed alongside a full-time job.
Who earns the Executive MPhil Education Leadership and Management degree?
This programme is designed to open opportunities for individuals belonging to different academic and professional backgrounds to transition to, among others, education leadership, management or policy reform roles.
What is the admission criteria for the Executive MPhil Education Leadership and Management Programme?
Please refer to the Admission Criteria tab.
Do you have any age limit for admission to the Executive MPhil Education Leadership and Management Programme?
No, there is no age restriction for admission to the Executive MPhil Education Leadership and Management Programme. However, to be able to apply to this programme applicants must have 16 years of education and a minimum of 2 years of work experience.
Is work experience compulsory to apply?
Yes, this programme has a minimum requirement of 2 years of work experience. We welcome applications from candidates with a diverse set of professional backgrounds. We will give a high preference to candidates with more years of work experience.
I do not have any work experience; can I still apply?
No. This programme has a minimum 2-year work experience requirement to be eligible for applying.
What kind of financial assistance options are available for the programme?
There are limited financial assistance options available for the Executive MPhil ELM programme. A limited number of students will be granted a 100% merit-based scholarship. The university will not provide need-based financial assistance to the students of the Executive MPhil ELM as the degree has been designed to cater to working professionals.
Students of the Executive MPhil ELM may qualify for preferential rate loans from MCB.
Does applying for the Student loan option have any bearing on my admission?
No, the request for MCB-SPL Loan has no adverse effect on the admission decision.
Who is the approving body of the MCB Student Personal Loan?
All loans are subject to the Bank’s internal approvals and MCB Bank reserves the right to approve/ disapprove a loan based on its internal assessment. In case a loan is not approved, students will be required to cover the total fees and expenses of the education themselves.
Can I be employed in a school/education setting while enrolled in the programme?
Yes. This programme allows working professionals the flexibility to complete their master’s degree without having to take a career break. The programme structure has been carefully crafted to ensure the programme suits the needs of those who are working full time.
Will I have to take any days off from work?
The Executive MPhil ELM programme has been designed to ensure working professionals don’t have to take days off from work to attend the programme.
How many students are in each cohort?
We anticipate a class size of 30-40 students.
What opportunities are available to gain hands-on work experience?
The Executive MPhil ELM programme includes a research-intensive Practicum, which is a semester-long ‘residency’ in which students work with educational organizations to solve real world policy and practice problems of their choice. The programme also includes field-based coursework that supplements the research methodology component of the curriculum. The field related coursework enables students to understand the development, and implementation of research instruments.
When should I apply, and when is the application deadline?
Please have a look on the following link: https://admission.lums.edu.pk/critical-dates-all-programmes
What is the minimum CGPA requirement for applying in Executive MPhil Education Leadership and Management Programme?
There is no minimum CGPA requirement for applying to the Executive MPhil ELM programme.
I already have an MA Degree. Can I apply to LUMS?
Yes. We are open to candidates who already have a Master’s degree or any other graduate degree to apply. These can be from a variety of disciplines, such as engineering, business or law.
My application status says complete, what does that mean?
We have received your application and it is in the process to be reviewed for admission.
I don't have a degree in education. Will this impact my chances for admission?
Prior direct experience in education is not essential, however an understanding of your interest in this programme should be clear. Education is a field with multi-disciplinary overlaps. We welcome applications from candidates with a variety of professional and academic backgrounds. Candidates from any background with an interest in the field of education and potential to learn can apply.
What supporting documents i upload with my form?
Please visit the following link: https://admission.lums.edu.pk/checklist-admissions
May I request for the application fee refund?
No, the application fee is non- refundable.
I have a change of address and/or email address and have already submitted my application?
It is very important that you keep our department aware of any address or email change. Please send an email at admissions@lums.edu.pk
Can I transfer credits from another graduate programme?
Transfer of credits from another programme to the Executive MPhil Education Leadership and Management Programme is not allowed. All admitted students regardless of having an advanced degree will begin the programme as a first-year student.
Can I defer admission?
In truly exceptional circumstances the Admissions Committee may grant a deferral. All requests should be made in writing and will be reviewed on a case to case basis.
For how long I can defer my admission?
An applicant can defer his/her admission for 2 years by informing LUMS admissions office before the deadline.
What should I write about in my personal statement?
Your Personal Statement should speak to your interest and commitment to the field of education. In the application form you will be required to answer the following questions:
- What key academic and professional experiences have contributed to your interest to pursue the Executive MPhil ELM Programme? (750 words)
- Why is enrollment in the Executive MPhil ELM Programme specifically critical in helping you achieve your goals? (500 words)
How many letters of recommendation are required?
Two letters of recommendation are mandatory and the third letter is optional.
Whom should I ask to submit a recommendation on my behalf?
We recommend that at least one letter should be from a faculty member or an academic who has had reasonable opportunity to evaluate your academic aptitude. A second letter should be from a work setting where your recommender can speak to your professionalism, work ethic and a project that you worked on with him or her. We discourage letters from individuals who only know you in a personal capacity (such as friends, family members, etc.).
What if I don’t have access to any faculty or academic referee?
If an academic referee is unavailable, you may obtain two professional references, where both recommenders can speak to your professionalism, work ethic and any project that you worked on with them.
Do you require any entrance test for admission to the Executive MPhil Education Leadership and Management Programme?
You are required to provide either a GMAT, GRE OR NTS-GAT score for admission to the Programme.
As the Testing services for the GMAT/GRE/NTS-GAT are operational during this Admission cycle (for Fall 2023 admissions) so applicants are required to take the test according to the stipulated deadline.
What is the minimum score required in GRE/GMAT/NTS-GAT for admission?
There is no minimum required score for GRE/GMAT. We plan to look at the entire application so that each candidate is evaluated in a holistic manner. A low GRE/GMAT score should not be a deterrent to applying.
However, for NTS-GAT, A cumulative score of 50 is a minimum requirement for applying.
For how long are the GRE/GMAT/NTS-GAT scores valid?
GMAT/GRE taken more than five years before the admission deadline will not be considered valid.
NTS-GAT (General) taken more than two years before the admission deadline will not be considered valid.
How do I register for GRE/GMAT/NTS-GAT?
Details regarding registration for GRE (General), GMAT and NTS-GAT (General) are given on www.ets.org, www.mba.com and www.nts.org.pk
What is the application process?
1. Application for admission to the Executive MPhil Education Leadership and Management Programme is an online process (there is no paper-based application to fill out or mail).
2. After creating an online account and accessing the online admission application, you may begin to complete your information in the application form on the website.
3. You can work on your application at any time and submit it when it is ready. Please note that we expect applicants to adhere to the deadlines stated on the LUMS website.
4. The earlier you submit your application the sooner you can upload your documents online and can pay the processing fee within the stipulated deadline.
I would like to submit my GRE score to LUMS when I take the test. What is the code?
Our GRE/ GMAT reporting code from ETS and Pearson’s is 0679.
What if I don't have my GRE/GMAT/NTS-GAT scores by the application submission deadline?
GRE/GMAT/NTS-GAT score is compulsory for submission of online application. You must submit/mail the copy of unofficial GRE/GMAT/NTS-GAT score report as soon as you take the test. However, the official GRE/GMAT/NTS-GAT scores can be submitted later.
Do you interview all applicants?
A merit ranking for interview short listing is established on academic performance, work experience and admission test scores of candidates. Those who qualify this comparative ranking are called for interview.
What kinds of questions are asked during the interview?
The interview is a key indicator of the potential of Executive MPhil ELM candidates to assume responsibility for advanced education decision-making, particularly in the Pakistani environment. During the interview the Admissions Committee tries to assess the applicant's leadership abilities, communication skills, aptitude for research thinking, and a level of awareness about Pakistani education. Final decision regarding admission is taken after the interview.
How will you notify me regarding a decision on my application?
Admission decision will be communicated through courier service; however, you can also check your application status through your online account. Regretfully, we are unable to provide information regarding the application status by telephone or e-mail.
May I appeal my admission decision or ask to have the decision explained?
The admission process is a well deliberated and thorough process. Each year we receive a large number of outstanding applications. Unfortunately, all of them do not qualify because of the limited number of available seats. The decision regarding admission is final.
If your application is unsuccessful you will also receive a letter informing you of this. Due to the volume of applications the university receives, it is not possible to provide feedback on unsuccessful applications.
LUMS Financial Aid
Admission to all programmes is purely on merit and independent of students’ ability to pay the related tuition fees.
Following options are available for students who meet specific criteria.
- Merit Scholarship
- MCB-Student Personal Loan
Merit Scholarship
Merit Scholarship is a form of gift and does not need to be repaid. LUMS provides Merit Scholarship Award to students who have proven their ability to succeed academically. There is no separate application for the scholarship. Students are automatically considered for the award when they apply for admission to LUMS.
MCB - Student Personal Loan
LUMS has entered into an agreement with MCB Bank Limited through which MCB Bank provides commercial loans to Executive MPhil students.
The commercial loan facility is pivotal for students who are currently financially unable to afford the cost of tuition and living facilities. This is one of the first ventures of its kind in Pakistan and demonstrates LUMS' commitment towards providing equal educational opportunities to its students.
All loans are subject to the Bank’s internal approvals and MCB Bank reserves the right to approve/disapprove a loan based on its internal assessment. In case a loan is not approved, students will be required to provide the total fees and expenses of the education themselves.
Click here for the MCB Loan Term Sheet
Age
Minimum 21 years and maximum 45 years at the time of loan approval.
General Criteria
- Pakistani nationals only.
- At least 50% marks (or equivalent) in the last public examination (i.e. other than admission tests, e.g. GMAT, SAT, LMAT, etc.).
Debt-Equity Ratio
- Maximum 80:20 of admissible educational program cost (such as Admission, Registration, Tuition, On-Campus Residence, and any other part / head / item of the fees that is payable in advance by the student to LUMS).
- Any amount that is refundable by LUMS to the student later on is not covered under the Student Loan program
Loan Amount
Subject to regulatory and internal Bank requirements:
- Maximum PKR one million.
- In accordance with the schedule of fee payment, the above amount shall be disbursed over a maximum of 4 tranches/modules
- The drawdowns for the loans will be based on 2 drawdowns/ academic year.
- Each tranche disbursement would be subject to Bank’s review as per its requirement.
- Disbursement shall be made directly to LUMS on account of the student.
Loan Tenor and grace period
Installment repayments will commence six months after the completion of study period (up to 30 months).
Total tenor of repayment of the loan (post education period) to not exceed 7 years, including the grace period.
Mark-up Rate
- Markup rate of this facility is: Six-month KIBOR + 0%.
- This rate shall then undergo subsequent resetting on a six-monthly basis on the first working day of every January and July.
- Mark-up accrual shall begin from the day of first disbursement as per the above rates and shall continue on the outstanding principal till the entire repayment of the loan.
Partial / Full Early Payments
No pre-payment charges apply on partial or full prepayments.
Processing Fee
- One time non-refundable processing fee of PKR 5,000/- or as set by the Bank only at the time of processing of the initial application.
- Any applicable taxes / levies shall be recoverable from the customer / student / borrower.
Minimum guarantees and securities/ collateral
- Personal Guarantee of Parents / Guardian and/or any third party for each loan. At least one Guarantor should be Parent and at least one guarantor should have source and means of income.
- For each loan, assignment of all future incomes of the student to the Bank to the extent of the former’s liability to the latter. In accordance with SBP regulations, loans shall be collateralized through any security /collateral as determined by the Bank for each loan and borrower.
Documentation
- Application Form (pertinent to the relevant tranche) duly signed by the student and parents / guardian and/or third party guarantor(s) (as the case may be) including signed-stamped by concerned LUMS officials.
- CNIC or SNIC Copies of the Student and parent(s) / guardian(s) and/or any third party guarantor(s) as the case may be.
- CF-1 Form / SBP Undertaking.
- One-time activity of opening non-checking collection / repayment account.
- Required legal documentation to be signed by the student & parent / guardian and/or any third party guarantor(s) as the case may be and with regards to various collaterals / securities.
- Any other document as per MCB’s requirement
Other Terms &Conditions
- Student is not allowed to apply for any sort of loan from any financial institution / bank, without seeking prior permission from MCB until the first installment of the MCB Student Loan has been paid.
- If a student gets overseas employment, then his entire remaining personal loan and associated amounts shall become payable immediately to MCB.
- Apart from the above, in cases where the student fails to complete the program due to any reason, or drops out due to unsatisfactory academic performance or otherwise, or commits an act of moral turpitude or crime, the entire loan and associated amounts will become repayable immediately.
- The entire loan and associated amounts will also become repayable immediately if, at any stage, any mis-representation or concealment of facts comes to the Bank’s knowledge.
- Bank reserves the right to demand immediate payment of all outstanding amounts associated with the student loan at any time it deems appropriate.
- In accordance with applicable laws and regulations, Bank reserves the right to take all measures and explore all options (which may include but may not be limited to litigation) for collection / recovery of all outstanding amounts associated with the loan from the student / borrower / guarantor(s) and any available collaterals / securities in case of nonpayment / default and/or any non-fulfillment of contractual obligations by student / borrower / guarantor(s)
Mode of Payment
Voucher can be paid through cash, Pay Order and Bank Drafts made in favour of "Lahore University of Management Sciences" at any branch within Pakistan of following banks.